Scientific sources and guidelines

What Cibus AI is based on

Cibus AI is trained and continuously updated on clinical guidelines, international standards and leading scientific literature. Below are the main sources, organized by area.

Document under continuous development and updating

Nutrition

  • LARN – SINU (Italy), including LARN for specific populations (pediatrics, elderly, pregnancy)
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)
  • DRI / RDA – Institute of Medicine (USA)
  • WHO guidelines on sugar, salt and fats

Metabolic disorders

  • Type 1 / Type 2 diabetes – ADA, AMD-SID
  • Obesity – EASO, ADI
  • Dyslipidemia – ESC / EAS
  • CKD and renal diet – KDIGO
  • Hypertension – ESC

Obesity pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 / GIP)

  • Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) – SURMOUNT-1/2/3/4 trials (NEJM, 2022-2023)
  • Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy) – STEP trials (NEJM, 2021)
  • ESPEN Guidelines on Clinical Nutrition in Obesity – protein target ≥1.2 g/kg
  • AACE/ACE – Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines (2023)

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

  • ADA – Standards of Care in Diabetes (2024)
  • EASD/ADA – Consensus Report on managing hyperglycemia in T2
  • Carbohydrate counting – ISPAD/ADA
  • Glycemic index and load – Cochrane reviews

Thyroid and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

  • ATA – Guidelines on hypothyroidism
  • Selenium and autoimmune thyroiditis – systematic reviews
  • Iodine and thyroid function – WHO
  • Levothyroxine-food interaction – clinical studies

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

  • ESHRE/ASRM – International Evidence-based Guideline PCOS (2023)
  • Low-glycemic diet and insulin resistance
  • Inositol in PCOS – meta-analyses
  • Weight and lifestyle management – Endocrine Society

Celiac disease and gluten sensitivity

  • ACG – Guidelines on celiac disease
  • Gluten-free diet – Codex Alimentarius standard
  • Non-celiac gluten sensitivity – position papers
  • Monitoring nutritional deficiencies – ESPGHAN

Eating disorders

  • Eating disorders – NICE, ISS Italy
  • Italian Ministry of Health – Health Notebooks on eating disorders (2013, later updates)
  • SISDCA – Italian Society for the Study of Eating Disorders
  • ABA – Association for the study and research on Anorexia, Bulimia and obesity

Sport and performance

  • ISSN – International Society of Sports Nutrition
  • IOC consensus on sports nutrition
  • ACSM – American College of Sports Medicine
  • Nutrition and Athletic Performance – joint position of ACSM / Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics / Dietitians of Canada
  • Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (JSCR)
  • European Journal of Sport Science
  • F-MARC – FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre

Running and endurance

  • Guidelines on carbohydrates, hydration and carb-loading (IJSNEM, IOC)
  • Iron and vitamin D in endurance sport
  • World Athletics (IAAF) – nutrition consensus
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE)
  • BASES – British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences

Bodybuilding and strength

  • ISSN – position stands on bulking, cutting and refeeding
  • Body recomposition and strength training (JSCR)
  • NSCA – National Strength and Conditioning Association
  • International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (IJSPP)
  • BDA – sport & exercise nutrition

Gastroenterology / Clinical nutrition

  • ESPEN (clinical nutrition, PN, EN, sarcopenia)
  • SINPE (Italian)
  • Celiac disease – ESPGHAN, AIGO
  • FODMAP and IBS – Monash University

Pediatrics

  • ESPGHAN (complementary feeding, breastfeeding, pediatric obesity)
  • FIMP / SIP (Italy)
  • AAP – American Academy of Pediatrics
  • WHO – guidelines for children and adolescents
  • SINUPE – Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition

Oncology

  • ESPEN oncology nutrition
  • AIOM (Italian)
  • WCRF / AICR – World Cancer Research Fund
  • ASCO – American Society of Clinical Oncology
  • ESMO – European Society for Medical Oncology

Geriatrics

  • Sarcopenia – EWGSOP2
  • Malnutrition – MNA, MUST, NRS-2002
  • ESPEN elderly
  • BGS – British Geriatrics Society

Allergies and intolerances

  • EAACI (food allergies)
  • ESPGHAN (cow's milk protein allergy)
  • WAO – World Allergy Organization
  • BSACI – British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • SIAIP – pediatric allergy (Italy)

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • ISS Italy
  • ACOG
  • ESPGHAN
  • FIGO – International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Endocrinology

  • Thyroid and nutrition – ETA
  • PCOS – ESHRE / ASRM
  • Osteoporosis – IOF, SIOMMMS
  • AACE – American Association of Clinical Endocrinology

Related areas

  • Cardiology – ESC
  • Pulmonology – GOLD (COPD)
  • Rheumatology – EULAR
  • Nephrology – extended KDIGO
  • Hepatology – EASL
  • Nutritional psychiatry

Nutritional psychiatry

  • ISNPR – International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research
  • Lancet Psychiatry / BMJ (SMILES trial)
  • ESCAP – European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • APA – American Psychiatric Association

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

  • ECCO – European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation
  • ESPEN
  • AGA – American Gastroenterological Association
  • ACG – American College of Gastroenterology
  • IG-IBD (Italy)

Inborn errors of metabolism

  • SSIEM
  • GMDI
  • ACMG
  • SIMMESN (Italy)

Neonatal and preterm nutrition

  • ESPGHAN
  • AAP – American Academy of Pediatrics
  • WHO – newborn nutrition
  • ASPEN

Critical care nutrition

  • SCCM – Society of Critical Care Medicine
  • ASPEN
  • ESPEN
  • ANZICS – Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society

Acute and chronic pancreatitis

  • ESPEN – dedicated position paper
  • AGA – American Gastroenterological Association
  • UEG – United European Gastroenterology
  • IAP – International Association of Pancreatology

Short bowel and intestinal failure

  • ESPEN
  • BAPEN
  • ASPEN
  • ESPGHAN (pediatric)

Nutrition and pressure injuries

  • NPUAP / EPUAP / PPPIA
  • EWMA – European Wound Management Association
  • ESPEN – nutrition and wounds
  • AISLeC (Italy)

Gestational diabetes

  • ADA – American Diabetes Association
  • IADPSG
  • ACOG – American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • FIGO

Preconception nutrition and fertility

  • ESHRE – European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
  • ASRM – American Society for Reproductive Medicine
  • FIGO
  • NICE – fertility guidelines

Ultra-processed foods (NOVA classification)

  • NOVA classification (Monteiro et al.)
  • WHO
  • EFSA
  • PAHO – Pan American Health Organization

Post-COVID nutrition

  • Emerging literature on long COVID and nutrition
  • WHO – clinical management of COVID-19
  • NICE – long-term effects of COVID-19
  • ESPEN

Nutrition in neurology

  • ECTRIMS (multiple sclerosis)
  • MDS – Movement Disorder Society
  • EAN – European Academy of Neurology
  • AAN – American Academy of Neurology

Alcohol and nutrition

  • WHO
  • EASL
  • NIAAA – National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
  • ISS (Italy)

Military nutrition and extreme environments

  • NATO – operational nutrition panel
  • USARIEM – US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
  • IOC – consensus on altitude and heat
  • ACSM

Bariatric surgery

  • ASMBS
  • IFSO
  • SICOB (Italy)
  • BOMSS

Plant-based nutrition

  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
  • SSNV (Italy)
  • DGE – German Nutrition Society (2024 position)
  • BDA – plant-based diet factsheet
  • PCRM – Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine

Fatty liver disease (NAFLD / MASLD)

  • EASL
  • AISF (Italy)
  • AASLD
  • NICE – NAFLD guidelines

Dysphagia

  • IDDSI
  • ESSD
  • ASHA – American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
  • RCSLT – Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists
  • ESPEN – clinical nutrition in neurology

Menopause and women's health

  • IMS – International Menopause Society
  • EMAS
  • NAMS – North American Menopause Society
  • NICE – menopause guidelines
  • BMS – British Menopause Society

RED-S and the athlete triad

  • IOC – RED-S consensus
  • ACSM – Female Athlete Triad position stand
  • BASEM – British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine
  • AAP – athlete triad in adolescence

Microbiota and probiotics

  • ISAPP
  • WGO – World Gastroenterology Organisation
  • AGA – microbiome guidelines
  • ACG – American College of Gastroenterology
  • EFSA – scientific opinions on probiotics

Nutraceuticals and supplements

  • EFSA – health claims
  • ISSN
  • ODS / NIH – Office of Dietary Supplements
  • Ministry of Health – supplement guidelines (Italy)
  • AIFA

Clinical ketogenic diet

  • International Ketogenic Diet Study Group
  • ILAE (epilepsy)
  • AAN – American Academy of Neurology
  • BPNA – British Paediatric Neurology Association
  • Charlie Foundation – clinical protocols

Sustainable nutrition

  • EAT-Lancet Commission
  • FAO / WHO
  • IPCC – food systems and climate
  • Farm to Fork (EU) / European Green Deal
  • BCFN – Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition

Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics

  • ISNN – International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics
  • NuGO – Nutrigenomics Organisation (Europe)
  • EFSA – nutrigenomics and health claims
  • NHGRI – National Human Genome Research Institute

Chronobiology and chrononutrition

  • Literature on circadian rhythms and time-restricted eating
  • SRBR – Society for Research on Biological Rhythms
  • ESRS – European Sleep Research Society
  • Cell Metabolism – time-restricted eating (Panda)

Nutritional dermatology

  • AAD – American Academy of Dermatology
  • EADV – European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
  • BAD – British Association of Dermatologists
  • JDS – Journal of Dermatological Science

Veterinary field

Reference sources and standards for veterinary nutrition and medicine.

Animal nutrition

  • NRC (National Research Council) – reference standard for dogs, cats, horses, ruminants
  • FEDIAF (European Pet Food Industry) – dog and cat nutrition guidelines
  • AAFCO – US standards for pet food

Clinical veterinary medicine

  • WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association) – general guidelines, vaccines, pet nutrition
  • ESVCN (European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition)
  • IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) – CKD staging and management in dogs/cats

Veterinary endocrinology

  • Diabetes in dogs and cats (ECVIM)
  • Canine hypothyroidism, feline hyperthyroidism (ECVIM)

The listed sources represent the main references on which Cibus AI is trained and updated. The list is constantly evolving and is not exhaustive. Cibus AI is a support tool and does not replace clinical, professional or ethical judgment: every decision remains the full and exclusive responsibility of the professional.